Extremozymes offer new opportunities for biocatalysis and biotransformation
s as a result of their extreme stability. From recent work, major approache
s to extending the range of applications of extremozymes have emerged. Both
the discovery of new extremophilic species and the determination of genome
sequences provide a route to new enzymes, with the possibility that these
will lead to novel applications. Of equal importance, protein engineering a
nd directed evolution provide approaches to improve enzyme stability and mo
dify specificity in ways that may not exist in the natural world.