Load-independent indices of left ventricular function using automated border detection

Echocardiographic automated border detection is the ability to assess left ventricular (LV) cross-sectional cavity areas and volumes on line. This cap ability has enabled the use of LV pressure-volume relationships as a means to determine LV function, in a manner relatively independent of loading con ditions. This discussion reviews previous validation studies in animal mode ls and humans using LV cross-sectional area as a surrogate for LV volume an d the clinical applications of LV pressure-area relations. Applications of arterial pressure as a substitute for LV ejection, pressure to assess press ure-area relations are also reviewed, along with the use of pressure-area r elations to assess right ventricular performance. Last, preload-adjusted ma ximal power as an alternative load-insensitive means to determine LV perfor mance is discussed.