C. Choi et al., Fas ligand and Fas are expressed constitutively in human astrocytes and the expression increases with IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma, J IMMUNOL, 162(4), 1999, pp. 1889-1895
Fas ligand (FasL) and Fas are mediators of apoptosis, which are implicated
in the peripheral deletion of autoimmune cells, activation-induced T cell d
eath, and cytotoxicity mediated by CD8(+) T cells. Fas is also believed to
be involved in several central nervous system diseases, but until now, the
effector cells expressing Fast in the brain have not been identified. We in
vestigated the expression levels of Fas and Fast with the stimulation of cy
tokines and the possible effector cells targeting Fas-bearing cells. Our da
ta demonstrated that: 1) Fast is expressed constitutively on astrocytes tak
en from a fetus or an adult and that its expression increases when these ce
lls are treated with IL-1, IL-6, or TNF-alpha in which the pretreatment of
IFN-gamma triggers astrocytes to express more Fast; 2) astrocytes induce ap
optosis in MOLT4 cells through Fast; 3) Fas is also expressed constitutivel
y and is upregulated by IL-1, IL-6, or TNP-alpha in which the pretreatment
of IFN-gamma triggers astrocytes to express more Fas; 4) apoptosis occurs w
hen fetal astrocytes are treated with agonistic: anti-Fas IgM Ab after cult
ure with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha; and 5) TNF-related apoptosis inducing lig
and is up-regulated in fetal astrocytes with stimuli of IL-1 or TNF-alpha.
These findings suggest a possible role of astrocytes in the induction of ap
optosis in central nervous system diseases.