Hl. Tanaka, Numerical simulation of a life-cycle of atmospheric blocking and the analysis of potential vorticity using a simple barotropic model, J METEO JPN, 76(6), 1998, pp. 983-1008
In this study, we conducted a series of numerical experiments to investigat
e atmospheric blocking, using a simple barotropic model that featured a wav
emaker to excite synoptic disturbances. The model has a resolution equivale
nt to R20 and consists of only five physical processes: a wavemaker as baro
clinic instability, topographic forcing, biharmonic diffusion, zonal surfac
e stress, and Ekman pumping.
Results of time integrations show that persistent dipole blockings appear o
ne after another in the model, showing a reasonable life-cycle. In the mode
l atmosphere, the synoptic disturbances are amplified exponentially by the
wavemaker. The exponential growth soon saturates with nonlinear scattering
of energy from synoptic to planetary waves associated with a Rossby wave br
eaking. The analysis of potential vorticity (PV) indicates that the onset o
f blocking is brought on by the Rossby wave breaking. The overturning of hi
gh and low PVs tends to occur at the topographic stationary ridge.
Once a block is formed by the Rossby wave breaking, subsequent Rossby waves
are blocked and undergo meridional stretch. The stretched wave then breaks
down, depositing fresh low PV at the north and high PV at the south of the
blocking system to maintain the block. The result is consistent with the s
o-called eddy straining mechanism. The result suggests that the exponential
growth of synoptic disturbances is essential both for the onset and the ma
intenance of blocking.