P. Fidias et al., INTRACAVAL EXTENSION OF GERM-CELL CARCINOMA - DIAGNOSIS VIA ENDOVASCULAR BIOPSY AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE, European urology, 31(3), 1997, pp. 376-379
We report a case of testicular carcinoma invading the inferior vena ca
va. Tumor invasion was diagnosed via endovascular biopsy. This is the
first known report of a diagnosis of this entity using endovascular bi
opsy. We also review the literature on diagnosis and management of inf
erior vena caval involvement by testicular cancer.