Introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been assoc
iated with many changes in the complications of human immunodeficiency viru
s (HIV) infection. A cohort of 25 HIV patients with progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy (PML) treated with HAART experienced a median survival
of >46 weeks. This is an improvement in prognosis compared with recent hist
oric experience and correlated with HIV RNA viral load reductions. We concl
ude that current HIV therapy is important in improving the outlook of PML i
n the setting of HIV.