Ferroelectric domain engineering is a new attractive method allowing the fa
brication of periodically poled domain structures on a micrometer scale and
to develop a new generation of optical devices using nonlinear optical con
versions. The basic knowledge of nonlinear optics, methods of tailoring per
iodic domain structures, the figures of merit for ferroelectric materials u
sed, and the applications of ferroelectrics with periodic domain structures
are considered.