K. Iljin et al., Role of Ets factors in the activity and endothelial cell specificity of the mouse Tie gene promoter, FASEB J, 13(2), 1999, pp. 377-386
The Tie gene encodes an endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinase necessary
for normal vascular development, The Tie gene promoter targets expression
of heterologous genes specifically to endothelial cells in transgenic mice.
Here we have characterized the promoter sequences critical for endothelial
cell-specific activity in cultured cells and transgenic mice. Progressive
deletions and site-directed mutations of the promoter showed that the criti
cal endothelial cell-specific elements are an octamer transcription factor
binding site and several Ets binding sites located in two clusters within 3
00 bp upstream of the major transcription initiation site, Among members of
the Ets transcription factor family tested, NERF-2 (a novel transcription
factor related to the ets factor ELF-1), which is expressed in endothelial
cells, and ETS2 showed the strongest transactivation of the Tie promoter; E
TS1 gave lower levels of stimulation and the other Ets factors gave little
or no transactivation, Furthermore, the Tie promoter directed the productio
n of high amounts of human growth hormone into the circulation of transgeni
c mice, The secreted amounts correlated with transgene copy number, being r
elatively insensitive to the effects of the transgene integration site, The
se properties suggest that Tie promoter activity is controlled by endotheli
al cell Ets factors and that it has potential for use in vectors for endoth
elial cell-specific gene expression.