B. Degreve et al., Bystander effect of purine nucleoside analogues in HSV-1tk suicide gene therapy is superior to that of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues, GENE THER, 6(2), 1999, pp. 162-170
Introduction of the herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase gene into
tumor cells, followed by the administration of the antiherpes nucleoside an
alogue ganciclovir has been demonstrated to be effective in eliminating sol
id tumors in animals. The success of this combination treatment largely dep
ends on the bystander effect, ie the killing of nontransfected tumor cells
by activated drug carried over from the nearby herpes thymidine kinase (fk)
gene-transfected cells. We evaluated the in vitro bystander effect of seve
ral antiherpes purine and pyrimidine nucleoside analogues, using a colorime
tric assay. All pyrimidine nucleoside analogues, including (E)-5-(2-bromovi
nyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU), showed low, if any, bystander killing effect.
In contrast, purine nucleoside analogues, such as ganciclovir, were endowed
with a pronounced bystander killer effect. Lobucavir (Cyclobut-G), a ganci
clovir analogue, displayed a two- to three-fold more pronounced bystander k
iller effect than ganciclovir, eliminating, at a concentration of 10 mu M,
75% and 90% of a cell population that contained 5% and 10% tk gene-transfec
ted cells, respectively. These findings were corroborated by autoradiograph
ic analysis that showed that 2'-H-3-BVDU metabolites formed in the herpes t
k gene-transfected tumor cells were much less efficiently incorporated in t
he DNA of bystander cells than 8-H-3-GCV. This indicates that, under the sa
me experimental conditions, BVDU metabolites are less prone to pass the gap
junctions than GCV metabolites.