Parathyroid hormone-related protein interacts with RNA

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a secreted protein that acts as an autocrine and paracrine mediator of cell proliferation and different iation. In addition to its biological activity that is mediated through sig nal transduction cascades, there is evidence for an intracellular role for PTHrP in cell cycle progression and apoptosis. These effects are mediated t hrough a mid-region nuclear targeting sequence (NTS) that localizes PTHrP t o the region of the nucleolus where ribonucleoprotein complexes form in viv o. In this work, we show that endogenous, transfected, and in vitro transla ted PTHrP proteins bind homopolymeric and total cellular RNAs at salt conce ntrations up to 1 M. A peptide representing the PTHrP NTS was effective in competing with the wild-type protein for RNA binding, whereas a similar pep tide representing the nucleolin NTS was not. Bite-directed mutagenesis reve aled that the binding of PTHrP to RNA was direct and was dependent on prese rvation of a core GXKKXXK motif, embedded in the PTHrP NTS, which is shared with other RNA-binding proteins. The current observations are the first to document RNA binding by a secreted cellular protein and predict a role for PTHrP in regulating RNA metabolism that may be related to its localization in the nucleolus of cells in vivo.