Using a surveillance system that captures data on construction workers trea
ted in an urban emergency department, we identified a series of injuries ca
used by vessels and tools under air pressure. We describe those six cases,
as well as similar cases found in the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries
; we also review data from the National Surveillance lance for Traumatic Oc
cupational Fatalities database and data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
, Among the injuries and deaths for which we had good case descriptions, th
e majority would have been prevented by adherence to existing Occupational
Safety and Health Administration standards in the construction industry.