Flexible division of labor mediated by social interactions in an insect colony - a simulation model

The primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata shows an age-based divisi on of labor in which workers allocate tasks according to their relative age s (age ranks). This age polyethism seems quite flexible because in colonies devoid of old workers, young individuals can perform the tasks normally pe rformed by older workers. Social interactions appear to be a plausible mech anism by which workers can assess their relative ages. To explore possible proximate mechanisms that can potentially generate such a flexible, age-bas ed task allocation, the activator-inhibitor model was adapted to the social biology of R. marginata and tested using computer simulations. The model g enerated a clear age polyethism including the phenomena of precocious forag ers in colonies with only young individuals and reverted nurses in colonies consisting of only old individuals. A simple extension of the model to all ow the brood:adult ratio to modulate the rates of social interactions, show s how increasing task demands can be met by a decrease in the ages of first performance of, and an increase in the proportions of individuals engaged in, various tasks. These results show how a pattern of division of labor ba sed on relative age can be generated and modulated by social interactions. (C) 1999 Academic Press.