Synthesis of novel 4,5-diphenylthiazole derivatives as potential acyl-CoA : cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitors

Several novel N-(4,5-diphenylthiazol-2-yl)-N'-aryl or alkyl (thio)ureas and N-(4,5-diphenylthiazol-2-yl)alkanamides were prepared as potential acyl-Co A: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors. Synthesis was accomplis hed by reaction of 2-amino-4,5-diphenylthiazole with the suitable isocyanat e, isothiocyanate or acyl chloride. Some analogues without the 5-phenyl sub stituent or both the phenyl groups in 4 and 5 position of the thiazole ring were also prepared. Moreover, some bioisosters of the title compounds in w hich the thiazole ring was replaced by an imidazole were synthesized starti ng from the 2-amino-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole. The ability of synthesized c ompounds to inhibit ACAT was evaluated ill vitro by measuring the formation of cholesteryl[C-14]oleate from cholesterol and [1-C-14]oleoyl-CoA in rat liver microsomes. Among the tested compounds, only some thiazole ureas were able to inhibit ACAT in a reasonable degree. N-(4,5-diphenylthiazol-2-yl)- N'-[2,6-bis(2-methylethyl)phenyl] urea (11) and N-(4,5-diphenylthiazol-2-yl )-N'-n-butyl urea (16) were the most active compounds in the series showing IC50 values in the low micromolar range.