The early postoperative course after liver transplantation ranges in comple
xity from routine to extremely difficult. Complications occurring after liv
er transplant continue to have a significant impact on research, use, and m
ortality. The preoperative status of the recipient, donor liver quality and
technical aspects of the operation are the most critical determinants of a
successful outcome. A high index of suspicion, rapid diagnostic assessment
of alterations from the normal postoperative course, and timely interventi
on are the critical factors to minimize morbidity and mortality. This artic
le surveys common extrahepatic complications; the diagnosis and management
of allograft complications, such as primary nonfunction; and the management
of surgical conditions, such as vascular and biliary complications.