Reactivation of herpes virus after surgery for epilepsy in a pediatric patient with mesial temporal sclerosis: Case report

OBJECTIVE: This case report is presented to raise the awareness of the pote ntial risk of reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis after intracranial surgery. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The case of an 8-year-old male patient who suffered a reactivation of HSV encephalitis after undergoing amygdalohippocampectomy for complex partial seizures is reported. This patient had previously cont racted HSV 1 meningoencephalitis at the age of 16 months. Six years later, a left amygdalohippocampectomy was proposed after the development of intrac table partial epilepsy associated with left mesial temporal lesions. During the postoperative period, the patient suffered severe clinical deteriorati on with partial status epilepticus, aphasia, and hyperthermia, which resolv ed after intensive antiepileptic treatment supported by acyclovir. CONCLUSION: We advise prophylactic pre-, peri-, and postoperative treatment with acyclovir for patients with known histories of HSV encephalitis who u ndergo intracranial procedures.