Dense coding in photonic quantum communication with enhanced information capacity

We propose a scheme for enhancing the information capacity to more than 2 b its in dense coding quantum communication that involves transmitting a pola rization entangled twin photon and a subsequent joint measurement with a Be ll-state analyzer. Although direct modulation of the timing position and op tical frequency of the photon play no role in dense coding quantum communic ation, we show that the frequency-dependent phase correlation of polarizati on entangled twin photons can be used for this enhancement if photon twins are generated through optical parametric down-conversion. With our proposed Bell-state analyzer containing a nonlinear optical gate, the capacity can be enhanced from the reported 2 bits to 3 bits by the local operation of a frequency-dependent phase shift on the transmitted photon. [S1050-2947(99)0 4802-7].