We report evidence for a significant increase of bulk dislocation density u
pon poling of polycrystalline BaTiO3. The synchrotron high-resolution x-ray
-diffraction measurements yield a dislocation density on the order of 10(9)
/cm(2) and an associated strain-energy increase of about 20 kJ/m(3). This i
mplies that the application of an external poling field generates defects i
n the structure and increases the internal stress. Possible consequences in
both bulk and thin-him applications include accelerated aging and microcra
cking. [S0163-1829(99)06005-1].