Effects of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta on ciliary beat frequency ofhuman nasal ciliated epithelial cells in vitro

Previous reports suggested that several cytokines may influence the ciliary brat of the airway ciliated epithelial cells. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of cytokines including IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF- beta on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal ciliated epithelial cel ls. CBF of cultured human nasal ciliated epithelial cells was measured 24 h ours after incubating with concentrations of 0.01 ng/mL, 0.1 ng/mL, I ng/mL , 10 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL of each recombinant human (rh) cytokine including rhIL-1 beta, rhTNF-alpha, and rhTGF-beta. CBF,was measured with time at co ncentrations of I ng/mL of rhIL-1 beta, 10 ng/mL of TNF-alpha, and I ng/mL of TGF-beta solutions. CBF of the human nasal ciliated epithelial cells inc reased after addition of rhIL-1 beta and rhTNF-alpha. Maximum CBF was obser ved at 1 ng/mL, of rhIL-1 beta and at 10 ng/mL. of rhTNF-alpha. CBF increas ed progressively to 4 hours after addition of rhIL-1 beta and rhTNF-alpha. Increased CBF sustained for 24 hours and decreased by 2 days. However; no v ariation of CBF,was observed after addition of I hTGF-beta, regardless of c oncentrations and time. The results of this study suggest that during acute inflammation, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha may have a potential role in defense mechanism of human nasal epithelium by regulating CBF of the nasal ciliate d epithelial cells.