Background. As many as 40% of patients with left-sided bacterial endocardit
is will sustain a neurologic insult. The importance of a neurologic change
as an indication or a contraindication for valve replacement remains contro
versial.
Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of 33 patient
s admitted to the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center between Jan
uary 1, 1978, and Tune 30, 1996, with a diagnosis of endocarditis and a neu
rologic change.
Results. All 33 patients had echocardiographic or pathologic evidence of le
ft-sided endocarditis; 23 were seen with focal neurologic findings and had
a mortality rate of 22% (5 of 23), and 10 patients were seen with nonfocal,
diffuse encephalopathy and had a mortality rate of 60% (6 of 10) (p < 0.05
). Of the 33 patients, 14 underwent operation and 19 were treated medically
. The mortality rate was 21.4% (3 of 14) in the surgical group and 42.1% (8
of 19) in the medical group (p = not significant). In 71% (10 of 14) of th
e surgical patients, the operation was done within 1 week of the neurologic
event. Additional neurologic deterioration occurred in 18.2% (2 of II) of
survivors in the surgical group and 9.1% (I of 11) in the medical group (p
= not significant).
Conclusions. Choosing therapy for a patient with endocarditis and a neurolo
gic change remains a difficult challenge. Initial findings of nonfocal, glo
bal dysfunction on examination are a predictor of a poor outcome. By compar
ing surgical and medical groups derived from the same series of patients, i
t is clear that patients with bacterial endocarditis and central nervous sy
stem changes face substantial mortality regardless of intervention. However
, these data demonstrate that when compared with a similar group of medical
patients, surgical patients who require and receive operation early in the
course of their illness do comparatively well. Improving outcomes by delay
ing surgical intervention may serve to "select out" hardier patients but wi
ll lead to the death of patients who might benefit from such intervention.
(C) 1999 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.