Natural history and preventative treatment of recurrent mood disorders

This chapter focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the eti ology, epidemiology, and treatment of recurrent mood disorders. It addresse s the changing relationship between endogenous and exogenous factors over t ime in the etiology of mood episodes. In the area of epidemiology, the chap ter presents new information on the prevalence of various subtypes and male /female differences in lifetime risk. Complications of the mood disorders, such as suicide, and important comorbidities, including alcoholism and subs tance abuse, are discussed. In the area of treatment, the life-long nature of many of the mood disorders is described, as is the consequent role of th e primary care physician in their management. The evidence for the efficacy of the depression-specific psychotherapies, cognitive therapy and interper sonal therapy, is reviewed. Current issues in the pharmacotherapy of mood d isorders are discussed, including the relative efficacy of the older antide pressants versus the newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the treatment of various subtypes of mood disorders, including dysthymi a, chronic depression, and atypical depression. Finally, the chapter descri bes recent advances in the treatment of bipolar disorder.