R. Gonzalez et al., Increased gene transfer in acute myeloid leukemic cells by an adenovirus vector containing a modified fiber protein, GENE THER, 6(3), 1999, pp. 314-320
Applications of gene transfer in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast cells h
ave still not been developed, mostly due to the lack of an efficient vector
Adenoviruses have many advantages as vectors, but remain poorly efficient
in cells lacking fiber receptors. A promising strategy is the retargeting o
f adenoviruses to other cellular receptors. We report the dramatic enhancem
ent of gene transfer efficiency in AML blasts using AdZ.F(pK7), a modified
adenovirus containing a heparin/heparan sulfate binding domain incorporated
into the fiber protein of the adenovirus. We transduced 25 AML blast sampl
es with efficiency reaching 100% of the cells in most samples. Optimal resu
lts were obtained at 8400 physical particles per cell, corresponding to a m
ultiplicity of infection of 100 plaque forming units per cell. Control AdZ.
F adenovirus efficiently transduced leukemic cell lines but gave poor resul
ts in AML samples. Both addition of soluble heparin and cell treatment with
heparinase inhibited AdZ.F(pK7) gene transfer showing that heparan sulfate
s are the major receptors mediating AdZ.F(pK7) transduction of AML blasts.
Although adenoviruses can infect nondividing cells, we observed that a comb
ination of growth factors (GMCSF, IL-3, stem cell factor) was required for
efficient transduction in order to maintain AML blast cell viability. This
study demonstrates that retargeting the adenovirus fiber protein to heparan
sulfates can overcome the low efficiency of adenovirus in AML blast cells
and may provide a useful tool for gene therapy approaches in AML.