Duality between single-electron phenomena and flux quantization in mesoscopic superconductors

In this paper we present experimental results of the order parameter amplit udes in mesoscopic superconductors. We adopted single-electron transistors to detect the amplitude sensitively and with negligible interference to the mesoscopic superconductivity. The emphasis is on the high duality between the single-electron phenomena and the flux quantization in mesoscopic super conductors.