To what extent is collaborative writing constrained by the communicati
on modes used? We have surveyed 10 collaborative authors' perceptions
on the effectiveness of five communication modes: email, face-to-face,
fax, post and telephone. Through a repeated measures design, a mappin
g between these modes and the activities of commitment management, dec
ision-making, awareness, communication, transparency and perceptions w
as determined. No tool-supported mode is as effective as face-to-face
but each mode serves a function in supporting coordination. (C) 1997 A
cademic Press Limited.