Mf. Dubois et al., Heat shock of HeLa cells inactivates a nuclear protein phosphatase specific for dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, NUCL ACID R, 27(5), 1999, pp. 1338-1344
Reversible phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest RN
A polymerase II (RNAP II) subunit plays a key role in gene expression. Stre
sses such as heat shock result in marked changes in CTD phosphorylation as
well as in major alterations in gene expression. CTD kinases and CTD phosph
atase(s) contribute in mediating differential CTD phosphorylation, We now r
eport that heat shock of HeLa cells at temperatures as mild as 41 degrees C
results in a decrease in CTD phosphatase activity in cell extracts. The ob
servation that this CTD phosphatase interacts with the RAP74 subunit of the
general transcription factor TFIIF suggests that it corresponds to the pre
viously characterized major CTD phosphatase, This conclusion is also suppor
ted by the finding that the distribution of the 150 kDa subunit of CTD phos
phatase in cells is altered by heat shock Although CTD phosphatase is found
predominantly in low salt extracts in unstressed cells, immunofluorescence
microscopy indicates that its intracellular localization is nuclear, The d
ecrease in CTD phosphatase activity correlates with a decrease in amount of
150 kDa phosphatase subunit in the extracts. During heat shock, CTD phosph
atase switches to an insoluble form which remains aggregated to the nuclear
matrix fraction. In contrast, heat shock did not result in a redistributio
n of RAP74, indicating that not all nuclear proteins aggregate under these
conditions. Accordingly, the heat-inactivation of both the CTD phosphatase
and the TFIIH-associated CTD kinase might contribute to the selective synth
esis of heat-shock mRNAs.