Objective. Deformational plagiocephaly refers to the development of an abno
rmal head shape in infants resulting from externally applied molding forces
, which may occur either prenatally or postnatally. We have observed that a
n unexpectedly high number of multiple-birth infants have presented to our
center with this condition. The purposes of this investigation were to: 1)
determine the significance of this observation; and 2) examine the risk fac
tors that may make this population more susceptible to the development of p
lagiocephaly.
Materials and Methods. A retrospective review of our database was performed
to identify those infants who were of multiple-birth origin. The parents o
f these infants were contacted by phone to complete a survey regarding the
prenatal and postnatal history of their child. Similar information was obta
ined for the state of Arizona from the Office of Vital Statistics. A chi(2)
analysis was used to compare the incidence of multiple births in Arizona w
ith the incidence of multiple births in our treatment population.
Results. Between 1993 and 1996, 69 (8.6%) of the 801 infants treated for de
formational plagiocephaly at our Phoenix center were of multiple-birth orig
in. Four infants who had been treated postoperatively after surgery for cra
niosynostosis, as well as 5 patients who had been referred from out of stat
e, were excluded from further study. The chi(2) analysis of the remaining 6
0 patients confirmed that a statistically significant number of plural-birt
h infants had presented with deformational plagiocephaly. Four risk factors
were identified as having occurred at high frequency in this population: i
n utero constraint, supine sleeping position, torticollis, and prematurity.
Conclusions. The current findings of this investigation confirm that a sign
ificant number of multiple-birth infants have presented to our clinic with
deformational plagiocephaly. Compared with their singleton counterparts, pl
ural infants seem to be at higher risk for the development oi: deformationa
l plagiocephaly, because they are more likely to be exposed to multiple ris
k factors.