Holographic atomic images from surface and bulk W(110) photoelectron diffraction data

Photoelectron diffraction data can, in principle, be regarded as enabling t he experimental recording of electron diffraction phases (relative to a dir ect reference wave), as well as intensities, thus also permitting the holog raphic reconstruction of atomic positions. Such holographic photoelectron d iffraction patterns have been measured for surface and bulk core-level-shif ted W 4f photoemission from W(110), yielding a data set of unprecedented si ze and quality. To test the role of experimental uncertainties and of multi ple-scattering effects, we have also performed corresponding theoretical ca lculations at the single- and multiple-scattering levels. The surface and b ulk holograms so obtained have been analyzed so as to provide the first par allel comparison of the three-dimensional atomic images that can be directl y obtained via the five principal reconstruction algorithms proposed to dat e. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are discussed. The prospects and limitations of atomic photoelectron holography as an ab initio technique for determining local-surface structures are also explored . [S0163-1829(99)08207-7].