Clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in dementia of the Alzheimer type

Among the psychiatric illnesses associated with old age primary degenerativ e dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) has gained increasing importance in recent years. Even though a curative treatment of the disease is currently impossible, various drugs can be used to slow down its progression. In the present study the influence of oral treatment with 240 mg/day of Ginkgo bil oba special extract EGb 761 (Tebonin(R) forte, manufactured by Dr. Willmar Schwabe, Karlsruhe) on the clinical course of DAT was investigated in a dou ble-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel-group design in 20 outpa tients. The duration of treatment was 3 months. The primary outcome variabl e was the sum score in the SKT-test for the determination of attention and memory. Other psychometric tests (trailmaking test, ADAS, CGI) and electrop hysiological investigations (EEG topography) were evaluated descriptively. Although the active-treatment group, with a mean sum score of 19.67 points in the S.K.T., had a poorer baseline level than the placebo group (18.11 po ints), it experienced an improvement to 16.78 points under treatment with E Gb 761 whereas the placebo group deteriorated to 18.89 points. The differen ces between the baseline and final values formed the basis for a statistica l group comparison, which gave a result favourable to EGb 761, at a signifi cance level of p < .013. In addition to this psychometric confirmation of e fficacy, certain descriptive trends were found at the psychopathological (C linical Global Impression) and dynamic functional (EEG findings) levels, wh ich can be interpreted as evidence of effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba specia l extract EGb 761 in mild to moderate dementia and of local effects in the central nervous system. Inter-group differences in the ADAS cognitive and n on-cognitive subscales did not reach statistical significance, probably bec ause of the small sample size.