Review article: Scandinavian parties in the internal and external arena

Party research lived a relatively quiet life during the 1970s and 1980s in the western world, and to some degree also in Scandinavia, although the cen tral role of parties in the Scandinavian democracies made it impossible for political scientists to completely ignore political parties in their resea rch. However, from the end of 1980s, political party research has been revi talized, and the number of publications has increased substantially. The th ree books reviewed here are part of the upswing during 1997, which, of cour se, includes other books and publications from that particular year. Why th is renewed interest in studying political parties? For a long period after World War II, Scandinavian political parties were characterized as stable m ass organizations. In 1973, the established Danish political system suffere d an electoral backlash, and the shock waves gave fuel to speculations of p arty decline in electoral behavior studies. At the same time, similar trend s were visible in Finland and Norway. Much later, interest focused on findi ng the same signs of decline in the internal party arena. The discussion is still alive, and during this process students of political science have ga ined new knowledge about parties and their organizations in Scandinavia.