Histopathological study of placental bed biopsy in placenta previa

Background. To study placental bed biopsy changes in placenta previa and no rmally implanted placenta. Subject and method. Fifty placental bed biopsies from 50 patients with plac enta previa and 50 placental bed biopsies from normally implanted placenta were taken at cesarean section. Placental bed biopsy was stained with hemat oxyline and eosin for histological examination. Both the groups were compar ed for trophoblastic invasion and vascular changes of placental bed spiral arteries. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test. Results. Placenta bed biopsy was representative in 42/50 (84%) biopsy sampl es of the study group (placenta previa) and 35/50 (70%) of the control grou p (normally located placenta). Trophoblastic giant cell migration into deci dua was present in 100% of representative samples of both the groups while migration into myometrium was seen in 66.67% and 51.14% of samples of study and control group. Average number of trophoblastic giant cells per sample was significantly higher in placenta previa (decidua 41.3%, myometrium 52%) than the control group (decidua 17.4%; myometrium 14.5%). Trophoblastic gi ant cell infiltration into myometrial spiral arterioles was higher in place nta previa (81.83 cells per vessel). Percentage of myometrial spiral arteri oles showing physiological changes was significantly higher in the study gr oup (50.39%) compared to the control group (21.14%). Incidence of inflammat ory cell infiltration was higher in the study group (42.86%). Hemorrhage in to decidua and myometrium were seen in biopsy samples of the placenta previ a. Conclusion. Placenta previa is associated with significantly higher trophob lastic giant cell infiltration and physiological changes of the myometrial spiral arterioles.