Chlamydia trachomatis remains the most important bacterial sexually tr
ansmitted disease in developed countries. Improvements in diagnostic t
ests and strategies for its treatment mean that better screening and c
ontrol is feasible where there is the political will to invest in such
an approach. The importance of asymptomatic urethral infections with
C. trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium in men
has been highlighted by recent studies. Our understanding of the immu
nopathology of C. trachomatis continues to improve.