Vaginal bleeding patterns in women receiving hormone replacement therapy -Impact of various progestogen regimens

Postmenopausal bleeding is more prevalent than seas previously thought, occ urring in women regardless of whether or not they are on hormone replacemen t therapy. While estrogen-only regimens have been used for several benefici al effects, bleeding patterns associated with these regimens can be irregul ar and unpredictable, causing discomfort to the patient as well Its increas ing the risk of both endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Studies in rece nt years have examined the effects of estrogen-only regimens as compared to different estrogen-plus-progestogen combination therapies to help regulate and minimize postmenopausal bleeding while providing endometrial protectio n.