HOW MUCH ALCOHOL AND HOW OFTEN - POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AND RISK OF A MAJOR CORONARY EVENT

Objective: To quantify the effects of quantity and frequency of alcoho l consumption on risk of acute myocardial infarction and coronary deat h. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Lower Hunter region of New Sou th Wales, Australia, 1983-94. Subjects: Men and women aged 35-69 years . Main outcome measure: Acute myocardial infarction or coronary death. Results: Alcohol consumption patterns were compared between 11 511 ca ses of acute myocardial infarction or coronary death and 6077 controls randomly selected from the same study population. After adjusting for the effects of age, smoking, and medical history, men and women who c onsumed one or two drinks of alcohol on five or six days a week had a reduction in risk of a major coronary event compared with men and wome n who were non-drinkers (odds ratios: men 0.31 (95% confidence interva l 0.22 to 0.45); women 0.33 (0.18 to 0.59)). A similar reduction in ri sk was found after excluding non-drinkers who were formerly moderate t o heavy drinkers. An acute protective effect of alcohol consumption wa s also found for regular drinkers who consumed one or two drinks in th e 24 hours preceding the onset of symptoms (odds ratios: men 0.74 (0.5 1 to 1.09); women 0.43 (0.20 to 0.95)). Conclusions: Frequency and qua ntity of alcohol consumption are important in assessing the risk of a major coronary event Risk is lowest among men who report one to four d rinks daily on five or six days a week and among women who report one or two drinks daily on five or six days a week.