Homogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated by 1-chloro-l-phenylethane copper(I) chloride bipyridine in the presence of dimethylformamide
S. Pascual et al., Homogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated by 1-chloro-l-phenylethane copper(I) chloride bipyridine in the presence of dimethylformamide, MACROMOLEC, 32(5), 1999, pp. 1432-1437
Homogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated with
1-chloro-1-phenylethane/CuCl/2,2'-bipyridine at 130 degrees C is easily ach
ieved in the presence of a limited amount of dimethylformamide (similar to
10% v/v). The kinetics are in agreement with the accepted ATRP mechanism. F
or initial monomer-to-initiator ratios up to 400, the molar masses increase
linearly with conversion and perfectly fit the calculated value for a cont
rolled polymerization, and the results are still satisfactory up to a ratio
of 650. For higher values of this ratio, the polymerization is no longer c
ontrolled, and this is attributed to thermal initiation, irreversible termi
nation, and/or transfer.