A high-resolution ice-core record of atmospheric CO2 concentration over the
Holocene epoch shows that the global carbon cycle has not been in steady s
tate during the past 11,000 years. Analysis of the CO2 concentration and ca
rbon stable-isotope records, using a one-dimensional carbon-cycle model, su
ggests that changes in terrestrial biomass and sea surface temperature were
largely responsible for the observed millennial-scale changes of atmospher
ic CO2 concentrations.