Now that the aerospace industry is no longer a dream, but a promising marke
t, high performance structural materials are in great need. For such applic
ations, Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) are hopeful candidates. However, o
ne of the most important problems actually hindering CMC research and devel
opment is the high cost of common process routes. To try to solve such prob
lem, a new concept for the R&D of advanced materials such as CMCs is propos
ed, namely, the Cost-Effectiveness Concept (CEC). This concept is one way t
o bring together scientific and technological targets. In this work, this s
trategy will be defined and then illustrated in the case of the elaboration
of 3D CMCs and of the development of oxidation protection materials.