The impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the characteristics of hospitalized patients with HIV infection

Objective: Despite advances in antiretroviral treatment, a large number of HIV-infected patients still require hospitalization. This study describes t he characteristics of HIV patients requiring hospitalization before and aft er the advent of potent antiretroviral therapies. Methods: Information was collected on all HIV-positive patients admitted to the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center in New York City. Data was co llected from 1 January through 30 June 1995, and during the same 6-month in terval in 1997. Results: In each time period over 1500 outpatients were receiving treatment for HIV infection. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of ad mission [60.4 per 100 patient-years (PY) in 1995, 28.8 per 100 PY in 1997], and length of stay (10 versus 8 days). The median CD4 cell count of all HI V-infected patients admitted to the hospital doubled: 37 x 10(6)/l in 1995 versus 80 x 10(6)/l in 1997. However, there was no significant change in th e median CD4 cell count of patients diagnosed with opportunistic infections . The incidence of the most common diagnosis (bacterial pneumonia, 8.0 per 100 PY in 1995 versus 3.6 per 100 PY in 1997) and the most common opportuni stic infection (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 7.6 per 100 PY in 1995 versu s 2.4 per 100 PY in 1997) decreased significantly. Conclusions: Since the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy, a sig nificant decrease in the incidence of hospital admission and opportunistic infections has occurred. There has been a doubling of the median CD4 cell c ount of inpatients. There has been no significant change in the median CD4 cell count at which patients present with opportunistic infections. (C) 199 9 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.