Cb. Moore et al., Neutral hydrogen 21 cm absorption at redshift 2.6365 toward the gravitational lens MG J0414+0534, ASTROPHYS J, 510(2), 1999, pp. L87-L90
We report the detection of the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen in absorption
at a redshift of 2.6365 toward the gravitationally lensed radio source MG
J0414+0534. The absorption shows two velocity components, each with a width
of similar to 150 km s(-1), separated by about 200 km s(-1). We determine
a total H I column density of 7.5 +/- 1.3 x 10(18) (T-s) cm(-2) assuming an
H I covering factor of unity. Assuming a Galactic dust-to-gas ratio and th
at all the reddening toward the source is due to dust associated with the o
bserved H I 21 cm absorption line, we derive an upper limit to the H I spin
temperature T-s of 1300 K. We do not detect absorption in the HCN (J = 1-0
) line toward MG J0414+0534 with a 3 sigma optical depth limit of 0.047 at
19.2 km s(-1) resolution. The implied upper limit on the HCN column density
is 1 x 10(13) cm(-2). The redshift of the H I absorption centroid differs
by 200 km s(-1) from the centroid of the recently discovered CO J = 3-2 emi
ssion from MG J0414+0534. We present two alternative scenarios that explain
both the observed velocity offset between the CO emission and the H I abso
rption and the lack of molecular absorption toward MG J0414+0534. Either (1
) the H I 21 cm line is absorbing the lensed active galactic nucleus and th
e regions giving rise to CO emission have a different spatial distribution
than the radio continuum-emitting regions and ai-e affected differently by
gravitational lensing or (2) the H I 21 cm absorption is toward an extended
, steep-spectrum radio component, which contributes substantially to the ra
dio continuum emission at low frequencies but has a negligible flux density
at I higher frequencies. This latter model requires free-free absorption t
oward the steep-spectrum component in order to result in the observed Gigah
ertz-peaked spectrum of MG J0414+0534's integrated radio emission.