Signalling functions of protein palmitoylation

Covalent lipid modifications anchor numerous signalling proteins to the cyt oplasmic face of the plasma membrane. These modifications mediate protein-m embrane and protein-protein interactions and are often essential for functi on. Protein palmitoylation, due to its reversible nature, may be particular ly important for modulating protein function during cycles of activation an d deactivation. Despite intense investigation, the exact functions of prote in palmitoylation are not well understood. However, it is clear that palmit oylation can affect a protein's affinity for membranes, subcellular localiz ation, and interactions with other proteins. In this review, recent advance s in understanding the functions and mechanisms of protein palmitoylation a re discussed, with particular emphasis on how this lipid affects the bioche mistry and cell biology of signalling proteins. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B .V. All rights reserved.