Physical mapping of the 18S-25S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in diploid bananas

Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used to determine the number a nd distribution of the 18S-25S and 5S rDNA sites on mitotic chromosomes of 6 wild and 2 edible diploid (2n=22) accessions belonging to the two banana species, Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana, FISH with the 18S-25S probe resu lted in signals on one pair of chromosomes, the position of signals corresp onded to the secondary constriction at the end of a short arm, The intensit y of labelling was different between the homologues and the larger site cor responded to a larger secondary constriction. This labelling pattern was ob served consistently in all genotypes, On the other hand, differences in the number of 5S sites were observed between the accessions. While in some of the wild seeded species, the 5S rDNA was localised on two pairs of chromoso mes, hybridisation signals appeared on three pairs of chromosomes in other wild accessions. Quite unexpectedly, only five sites of 5S rDNA were reprod ucibly observed in the two vegetatively propagated diploid edible cultivars , Pisang Mas and Niyarma Yik, evidence for structural heterozygosity, A dua l colour FISH showed that in all accessions, the satellite chromosomes carr ying the 18S-25S loci did not carry the 5S loci. The results demonstrate th at molecular cytogenetics can be applied to Musa and that physical cytogene tic maps can be generated.