Two classes of recA mutations have been constructed for use in Neisser
ia gonorrhoeae: three insertionally inactivated ('knockout') mutations
and three LacI-regulatable constructs that can be shifted between Rec
(-) and Rec(+) by the removal or addition of IPTG. The effects of regu
lating recA expression on the processes of DNA transformation, DNA rep
air and pilin-phase variation are described. These regulatable cassett
es can also be used to control the expression of any chromosomal gene.