Inverting second generation current conveyors: the missing building blocks, CMOS realizations and applications

The concept of voltage mirror is introduced and used, together with the cur rent mirror, to ideally represent the current and voltage inverting propert ies of some analogue building blocks. The properties of the nullor and mirr or elements are used to relate the different devices in the ideal case as w ell as to define the adjoint network for each building block. Two new types of second generation current conveyor (CCII) are introduced. One is the ad joint of the CCII+ and is named the inverting second generation current con veyor 'negative' (ICCII-); the other is the ICCII+. CMOS realizations of th e ICCII- are presented and new ICCII-based current mode circuits are obtain ed by applying a voltage-to-current-mode transformation to the CCII+ based circuits.