Predictors of recurrent dysplasia after a cervical loop electrocautery excision procedure for CIN-3: A study of margin, endocervical gland, and quadrant involvement

Loop electrocautery excision procedure (LEEP) increasingly is being used fo r the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Few published studies address the possible correlation between the histologic findings of the LEEP cone biopsy and the incidence of residual/recurrent dysplasia. We identified 248 patients with CIN-S treated by LEEP at the University of No rth Carolina from September 1991 through September 1996, Computerized files of these patients were then reviewed through August 1997 for pathology fol low-up results. Two hundred patients had pathology follow-up and interpreta ble material, LEEP cone slides were reviewed to confirm CIN-3 and to assess involvement of margins, endocervical glands, and multiple quadrants. Cytol ogic and histologic follow-up data were categorized as negative or positive , with the latter including high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, lo w-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and atypical squamous cells of un determined significance. Fifty-five patients (27.5%) had residual/recurrent dysplasia, including 36 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (66%), 14 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (25%), and 5 atypical squamo us cells of undetermined significance (9%), Greater recurrence rates were n oted for cases with high-grade dysplasia involving margins (39% positive vs . 15% negative; P = .0001), endocervical glands (33% positive vs. 14% negat ive; P = .0044), and multiple quadrants (33% multiple vs. 14% single; P = . 0036). In cases with negative margins, greater recurrence rates were still observed with high-grade dysplasia involving endocervical glands (20% posit ive vs. 9% negative; P = .0808) and multiple quadrants (20% multiple vs. 8% single; P = .0495). Positive margins, positive glands, and multiple quadra nt disease are all predictors of residual/recurrent dysplasia after LEEP, S urgical pathology reports for LEEP cone biopsy specimens should include inf ormation on the presence of high-grade dysplasia involving margins, endocer vical glands, and multiple quadrants. Continued close follow-up is especial ly warranted for patients whose LEEP cone biopsy specimens contain any of t hese histologic predictors of residual/recurrent dysplasia.