This paper describes the components of water use in rice-based production s
ystems and identifies water used during land preparation, and seepage and p
ercolation during crop growth as important sources of water 'loss' from the
system. Strategies for increasing farm-level water-use efficiency are disc
ussed, including the problems of up-scaling from on-farm to system-level wa
ter savings. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.