Tannins are water-soluble polyphenolic compounds having wide prevalence in
plants. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins are the two major classes of tan
nins. These compounds have a range of effects on various organisms from tox
ic effects on animals to growth inhibition of microorganisms. Some microbes
are, however, resistant to tannins, and have developed various mechanisms
and pathways for tannin degradation in their natural milieu. The microbial
degradation of condensed tannins is, however, less than hydrolysable tannin
s in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. A number of microbes have als
o been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals, which have the
ability to break tannin-protein complexes and degrade tannins, especially h
ydrolysable tannins. Tannase, a key enzyme in the degradation of hydrolysab
le tannins, is present in a diverse group of microorganisms, including rume
n bacteria. This enzyme is being increasingly used in a number of processes
. Presently, there is a need for increased understanding of the biodegradat
ion of condensed tannins, particularly in ruminants.