The distribution of ganglioside-like moieties in peripheral nerves

GM1 ganglioside has been implicated as a target of immune attack in some di seases of the peripheral nervous system, Anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies ar e associated with certain acquired immune-mediated neuropathies. It is not clear how anti-GM1 antibodies cause nerve dysfunction and injury; however, sodium and/or potassium ion channel dysfunction at the node of Ranvier has been implicated. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of these neuropathie s, we examined the distribution of GM1 ganglioside and Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc moieties in nerve fibres and their relationship to voltage-gated sodium and potassium (Kv1.1, 1.5) channels at the nodes of Ranvier in peripheral nerv es from human, rat and dystrophic mice, Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc moieties were l ocalized via the binding of cholera toxin and peanut agglutinin, As a contr ol for the specificity of these findings, we compared the distribution of G M1 moieties to that of the ganglioside GT1b, Our study provides definitive evidence for the presence of Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc bearing moieties on the ax olemmal surface of mature myelinated fibres and on Schwann cells. Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc binding sites did not have an obligatory co-localization with vo ltage-gated sodium channels or the potassium ion channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.5 a nd are thus not likely carried by these ion channels. In contrast with Gal( beta 1-3)GalNAc, GT1b-like moieties are restricted to the axolemma.