Frequency of contact allergy in children with atopic dermatitis: results of a prospective study 137 cases

The aim of our study was the evaluation of contact sensitization in pediatr ic patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). It seems that the frequency of con tact allergies in the course of AD, and also the frequency of contact aller gies in children, is underestimated in general. Our study has been performe d by investigating 137 children with AD. The childrens' history was taken a ccording standardized consultation guidelines and followed by a physical ex amination. Patch testing was performed systematically, including the Europe an standard series, together with tixocortol pivalate, budesonide and the a pplied emollient. If necessary.-optional patch tests were performed accordi ng to the child's history. The results demonstrate contact sensitization in 43% of all children tested. The most frequent contact allergens are: metal s (19.3%), fragrance (4.4%), balsam of Peru (2.6%), lanolin (4.4%), neomyci n (2.6%) and emollients (2.6%). No contact sensitization to corticosteroids nor any induction of active sensitization were seen. Statistical analysis demonstrates that the risk of developing a contact allergy is significantly elevated in children after the age of 5 years. Female sex is a risk factor only for nickel. Age of onset of AD or its severity is not associated with the development of contact allergy. In conclusion, the results indicate th e necessity of performing systematic patch testing in the investigation of allergies in children with AD. Preventive measures from an early age are su ggested to avoid exposure to the most frequent contact allergens.