Vortex stabilization in Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali-metal atom gas

A quantized vortex in Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of an alkali-metal a tom gas is known to be unstable intrinsically at zero temperature. We exami ne two stabilization mechanisms of a vortex theoretically. (i) The finite t emperature effect is shown to stabilize a vortex. (ii) An additional pinnin g potential, which may be produced by a focused laser beam at the vortex ce nter, is also shown to stabilize it even at zero temperature. The mean-fiel d calculation for BEC confined by a harmonic potential is employed. The det ailed properties of a stable vortex are given, such as the spatial profiles of the condensate and noncondensate, the particle current density around t he core, the whole excitation spectrum, and their temperature dependence. [ S1050-2947(99)01503-6].