Differential expression of genes encoding the light-dependent and light-independent enzymes for protochlorophyllide reduction during development in loblolly pine

The expression patterns of the two distinct subfamilies of genes (designate d porA and porB) encoding the light-dependent NADP:protochlorophyllide oxid oreductases (PORs) in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were examined. Transcr ipts arising from both gene subfamilies were shown to be present at high le vels in the cotyledons of dark-grown pine seedlings and to a lesser extent in their stems. Exposure of dark-grown seedlings to light resulted in incre ased levels of both porA and porB transcripts, as well as increased levels of mRNAs encoding other photosynthesis-related gene products, suggesting th at they are under a common mode of regulation. Relative levels of the porA and porB transcripts were similar in seedling cotyledons and primary needle s of two-month-old pine trees, whereas only porB transcripts were present a t a significant level in mature secondary needles of two-year-old trees. Im munoblot analysis showed that the 37 kDa PORA protein was most abundant in dark-grown tissues, decreased dramatically upon exposure to light, but coul d still be detected at low levels in light-grown seedlings. In comparison, levels of the 38 kDa PORB were detected in cotyledons and primary needles, only PORB could be detected in mature needles. Transcripts derived from the three plastid genes, chlL, chlN, and chlB, encoding subunits of the light- independent protochlorophyllide reductase were detected in cotyledons and s tems of dark-grown seedlings, and in mature needles. The highest levels of chlL, chlN, and chlB transcripts were detected within the top one-third of the stem and decreased gradually towards the stem/root transition zone. Cor respondingly, the highest levels of light-independent chlorophyll formation took place near the top of the hypocotyl. A similar pattern of expression was observed for other photosynthesis-related gene products, including porA and porB. Our results suggest that many aspects of the light-dependent, ti ssue-specific and developmental regulation of POR expression first describe d in angiosperms were already established in the less evolutionarily advanc ed gymnosperms. However, unlike angiosperms, light is not the dominant regu latory factor controlling porA expression in these species.