Channel-mediated high-affinity K+ uptake into guard cells from Arabidopsis

Potassium uptake bg higher plants is the result of high- or low-affinity tr ansport accomplished by different sets of transporters. Although K+ channel s were thought to mediate low-affinity uptake only, the molecular mechanism of the high-affinity, proton dependent K+ uptake system is still scant. Ta king advantage of the high current resolution of the patch-clamp technique when applied to the small Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells densely packed w ith voltage-dependent K+ channels, we could directly record channels workin g in the concentration range of high-affinity K+ uptake systems. Here we sh ow that the K+ channel KAT1 expressed in Arabidopsis guard cells and yeast is capable of mediating potassium uptake from media containing as little as 10 mu M of external K+, Upon reduction of the external K+ content to the m icromolar level the voltage dependence of the channel remained unaffected, indicating that this channel type represents a voltage sensor rather than a kif-sensing valve. This behavior results in K+ release through K+ uptake c hannels whenever the Nernst potential is negative to the activation thresho ld of the channel. In contrast to the H+-coupled K+ symport shown to accoun t for high-affinity K+ uptake in roots, pH-dependent K+ uptake into guard c ells is a result of a shift in the voltage dependence of the K+ channel. We conclude that plant K+ channels activated by acid pH may play an essential role in K+ uptake even from dilute solutions.