APPROXIMATE UPPER AND LOWER BOUNDS ON THE VSWR OF A 3-PORT CIRCULATORWITH NONIDEAL LOADS

The upper and lower bounds on the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) a t port 1 of a 3-port circulator with a complex load under any phase co nditions at port 2 and a nonideal termination at port 3 is of some int erest in microwave engineering, The purpose of this letter is to give a solution to this problem under some simplifying conditions, The lowe r bound obtained here is in keeping with the definition of the complex gyrator circuit of this sort of junction when either port 2 or port 3 is terminated in its complex conjugate load.